{"id":2617,"date":"2020-01-13T11:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-13T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.turhost.com/blog\/?p=2617"},"modified":"2021-11-26T13:09:39","modified_gmt":"2021-11-26T10:09:39","slug":"donanimsal-firewall-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turhost.com/blog\/donanimsal-firewall-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Firewall Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen firewall<\/a><\/strong>, gelen ve giden a\u011f trafi\u011fini izleyen ve k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n ve uygulamalar\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 izinsiz eri\u015fim giri\u015fimlerini otomatik olarak filtreleyen bir g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Firewall’\u0131n amac\u0131 g\u00fcvenli a\u011f trafi\u011fine izin vermek ve tehditleri d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutmakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse 39 saniyede bir, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bilgisayarlar\u0131na s\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilindi\u011finden bankac\u0131l\u0131k bilgileri ve ki\u015fisel bilgiler gibi hassas verilerinizi korsanlara kar\u015f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in ilk savunma hatt\u0131 olarak firewall kullanman\u0131n yarar\u0131 inkar edilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Firewall Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"firewall<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131<\/strong>, veri aktarma mekanizmas\u0131na \u00f6nemli bir koruma katman\u0131 ekleyerek sahte, yetkisiz veya tan\u0131nmayan bir kaynaktan gelen ya da \u015f\u00fcpheli olan herhangi bir a\u011f trafi\u011fini otomatik olarak engeller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6ylece bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131n\u0131n bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131za veya internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olan di\u011fer cihazlara s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ger\u00e7ek hayatta g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131, bir yang\u0131n\u0131n neden olabilece\u011fi hasar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, dijital d\u00fcnyada firewall; siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nlemeyi ama\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli unsurlar\u0131ndan biri, g\u00fcvenli ve tehlikeli trafik aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yapan; eri\u015fimi kontrol<\/strong> etme<\/strong> \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. G\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen belirli i\u015flevler \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir; <\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • A\u011f Ge\u00e7idi (Gateway) savunmas\u0131, <\/li>
  • Tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenlik ilkelerini y\u00fcr\u00fctme, <\/li>
  • G\u00fcvenilen a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdaki (internet ve DMZ) etkinli\u011fi ay\u0131rma, <\/li>
  • Dahili a\u011f adreslerinizi (NAT) \u00f6rtme ve koruma, <\/li>
  • Uyar\u0131lar ve etkinlikleri \u00f6zetleme.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Firewall T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \"firewall<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re G\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131; yaz\u0131l\u0131msal<\/strong> ve donan\u0131msal<\/strong> olarak grupland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ancak her ikisini de kullanmak en iyisidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ek olarak g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131n\u0131; paket denetimi, proxy tabanl\u0131, durum denetimi, devre d\u00fczeyi ve yeni nesil g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 \u015feklinde de gruplayabiliriz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Yaz\u0131l\u0131msal Firewall<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Yaz\u0131l\u0131msal firewall, bilgisayarda arka planda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir programd\u0131r. Bireysel ev kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda pop\u00fclerdir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Yaz\u0131l\u0131m g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaln\u0131zca bir sistem veya a\u011f korunmaktad\u0131r, bu nedenle a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir\u00e7ok sistemden olu\u015fuyorsa her birine bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 y\u00fcklemeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Donan\u0131msal Firewall <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Donan\u0131msal firewall t\u00fcm a\u011f i\u00e7in koruma sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan birden fazla bilgisayara sahip \u015firketler i\u00e7in ve DSL veya kablo modem gibi geni\u015f bant internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kullanan i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in uygundur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bilgisayarlar\u0131n\u0131zda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, sistem performans\u0131 ve h\u0131z\u0131 etkilenmez. Maliyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Uzak kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n uzak bir konumdan i\u015f verilerine eri\u015fmesine olanak tan\u0131yan VPN ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131na da izin verir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Paket Denetimi G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Paket denetimi g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131, aktar\u0131m protokol\u00fc katman\u0131ndaki a\u011f trafi\u011fini inceler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Paket filtreleme g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131, paketleri y\u00f6nlendirmez, bunun yerine al\u0131nan her paketi izin verilen IP adresleri, paket t\u00fcr\u00fc, ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 numaras\u0131 ve paket protokol ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 gibi kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlanan kurallara g\u00f6re paketleri kabul eder ya da engeller. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Proxy Tabanl\u0131 G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (Application-Level Gateways)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Yerel bir a\u011f ile daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir a\u011f aras\u0131nda a\u011f ge\u00e7idi g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren bilgisayara<\/em> proxy<\/strong> denir. Proxy tabanl\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131, istemci ve sunucu aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6nler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Proxy sunucusu, a\u011fa giren veya a\u011fdan \u00e7\u0131kan t\u00fcm iletileri durdurur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Uygulama seviyesi g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131<\/strong> olarak da bilinen proxy tabanl\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131, ba\u011flanmadan \u00f6nce uygulama <\/strong>d\u00fczeyinde ge\u00e7erli verileri garanti eder. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sunucu istemciye bir yan\u0131t g\u00f6ndermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 bu iste\u011fi engeller, paketleri inceler ve ard\u0131ndan bu cevab\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ile istemci aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131da<\/strong> iletir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Proxy tabanl\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131n dezavantaj\u0131, \u00f6zellikle yo\u011fun trafik d\u00f6nemlerinde (ayn\u0131 anda a\u011fa girmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ok say\u0131da paket oldu\u011funda) gecikmelere<\/em> neden olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Durum Denetimi G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Bili\u015fim sisteminde \u201cdurum bilgisi olan\u201d (stateful) uygulama \u00f6nceki etkile\u015fimlerden veri kaydeden bir uygulamad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Durum bilgisi olan bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 etkin ba\u011flant\u0131larla ilgili bilgileri kaydeder ve bu bilgileri her paketi tek tek incelemek yerine, gelen ve giden trafi\u011fi analiz etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Her paketi denetlemedikleri i\u00e7in, durum bilgisi olan g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 proxy tabanl\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131ndan daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130kinci nesil g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131<\/strong> olarak da bilinen durum denetimi t\u00fcr\u00fc, veri paketlerini \u00f6ncekilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu i\u015flem, bu t\u00fcr g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 paket filtreleyen g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131ndan daha esnek k\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Durum bilgisi olan g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131, gelen paketler belirli bir ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131na eri\u015fim talep etmedik\u00e7e hepsini kapal\u0131 tutarak ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131n\u0131 da koruyabilir. Bu da, ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 taramas\u0131 olarak bilinen sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 azaltabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ancak durum denetimi yapan g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak m\u00fc\u015fterilerin belirli bir t\u00fcr bilgi iste\u011fiyle kand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, g\u00fcvenli olmayan web siteleri, bu t\u00fcr sahte istekler i\u00e7in JavaScript kodu kullanabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Devre D\u00fczeyi G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (Circuit-level Gateways)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Devre d\u00fczeyinde g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131, paketlerin ba\u011flant\u0131 veya veri paketleri oldu\u011funu do\u011frular. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 uygulama katman\u0131 ve aktar\u0131m katman\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bir oturumun a\u011fa eri\u015fmesine izin verilip verilmedi\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in TCP (transmission control protocol) tokala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlerler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Proxy ve istemci aras\u0131nda sanal bir devre olu\u015ftururlar. Bu, a\u011f\u0131 gizlemek ve korumak i\u00e7in proxy sunucular\u0131 kullanan devre d\u00fczeyi a\u011f ge\u00e7itleri ile uygulama d\u00fczeyi a\u011f ge\u00e7itleri aras\u0131ndaki farklardan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ancak, devre d\u00fczeyi a\u011f ge\u00e7itleri tek tek veri paketlerini filtrelemez. Yani, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131ma sahip bir paket, en iyi TCP el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na sahipse, do\u011frudan ge\u00e7er. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu nedenle devre d\u00fczeyi a\u011f ge\u00e7itleri, i\u015fletmenizi kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na savunmak i\u00e7in tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Yeni Nesil G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 (NGFW:Next Generation Firewalls) <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Derin paket incelemesi<\/strong> de denen NGWF<\/strong>, geleneksel g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine sahip olan ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda OSI Modelinin di\u011fer katmanlar\u0131ndaki tehditleri ele almak i\u00e7in bir dizi ek \u00f6zellik kullanan g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tipik bir NGFW, paket denetimini durum denetimi ile birle\u015ftirir ve derin paket denetiminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sald\u0131r\u0131 tespit \/ \u00f6nleme, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m filtreleme ve antivir\u00fcs gibi di\u011fer a\u011f g\u00fcvenlik sistemlerini de i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Yeni nesil g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131, bir web uygulamas\u0131 ile internet aras\u0131ndaki HTTP trafi\u011fini filtreleyerek ve izleyerek web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli kullan\u0131c\u0131lardan korunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bir kalkan<\/strong> g\u00f6revindedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    NGWF; genellikle web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>, siteler aras\u0131 sahtecilik, siteler aras\u0131 komut dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturma (XSS), dosya ekleme ve SQL enjeksiyonu gibi sald\u0131r\u0131lardan korur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Proxy tabanl\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131, bir arac\u0131 (bilgisayar) kullanarak bir istemci makinesinin kimli\u011fini korurken, yeni nesil g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131; istemcilerin sunucuya ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flayan bir t\u00fcr ters proxy’dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    NGWF<\/strong>, genellikle politikalar<\/em> ad\u0131 verilen bir dizi kural arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu politikalar, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli trafi\u011fi filtreleyerek uygulamadaki g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korunmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bir NGWF<\/strong>‘nin de\u011ferini, politika de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin uygulanabilme h\u0131z\u0131 ve kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirler. Bu, de\u011fi\u015fen sald\u0131r\u0131 vekt\u00f6rlerine daha h\u0131zl\u0131 yan\u0131t verilmesi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Geleneksel g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131ndaki paket denetiminin aksine; NGWF’nin derin paket denetimi paketin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ek verilere yani i\u00e7eri\u011fine bakar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Neden G\u00fcvenlik Duvarlar\u0131na \u0130htiyac\u0131m\u0131z Var?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \"G\u00fcvenlik<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Etkili a\u011f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, \u015f\u00fcpheli trafi\u011fin bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131za ula\u015fmadan engellenmesi demektir. Yetkisiz eri\u015fimi k\u0131s\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in tasarlanan g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131; bilgilerinizin ve a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n; eri\u015fimi onaylanmayan k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli ki\u015filerden korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 antivir\u00fcs ile ayn\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir yani gelen paketlerin k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini kontrol etmez. Ancak \u015f\u00fcpheli a\u011f trafi\u011fini otomatik olarak engeller. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sonu\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczenli g\u00fcncellenen bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 otomatik kontrol\u00fcn, veri g\u00fcvenli\u011finiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan basit, etkili ve m\u00fctevazi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong> oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemelidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ger\u00e7ek hayatta g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131, bir yang\u0131n\u0131n, dijital d\u00fcnyada firewall ise; siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n neden olabilece\u011fi hasar\u0131 \u00f6nlemeyi ama\u00e7lar.\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7379,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"18030,64440,44596,28612,10431,20720","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[662,138],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2617","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-firewall","8":"category-ipuclari"},"yoast_head":"\nFirewall Nedir? 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