{"id":42311,"date":"2021-08-27T08:58:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-27T05:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.turhost.com/blog\/?p=42311"},"modified":"2023-07-18T16:23:53","modified_gmt":"2023-07-18T13:23:53","slug":"ddos-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turhost.com/blog\/ddos-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"DDoS Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Akl\u0131n\u0131za gelen her t\u00fcr \u00e7evirimi\u00e7i hizmetin g\u00fcnler boyunca \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131na haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunabilir mi? Bu tip olaylara sebep olabilecek y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc siber sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem almak isteyenlerin yolu DDoS Nedir? sorusundan ge\u00e7melidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/mark> Hizmet Reddi<\/mark> anlam\u0131na gelen DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n en az geli\u015fmi\u015f kategorilerinden biri olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, devasa etkiler yaratma potansiyeline sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle t\u00fcm\u00fc sald\u0131rgan taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen PC’ler, diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlar, sunucular, nesnelerin interneti cihazlar\u0131 gibi internete ba\u011fl\u0131 cihazlardan olu\u015fan bir a\u011f kullan\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Bu cihazlar\u0131n herhangi bir yerde olabilmesi sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ‘da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/span>‘ olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebidir. Bilgisayar korsanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olan ve zombi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu cihazlar\u0131n sahipleri bunun fark\u0131nda olmayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sunucular, a\u011flar ve \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i hizmetler, belirli miktarda trafikle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kacak \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen y\u00fcksek miktarda trafik, sistemde t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7ar ve me\u015fru kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n hizmetlere eri\u015fmesini engeller (‘hizmet reddi<\/span>‘).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sald\u0131r\u0131, cihaz\u0131; bir botnet’in yani sald\u0131rgan\u0131n kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki bir grup cihaz\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline getirir. Botnet’ler, kimlik av\u0131 e-postalar\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar veya fidye yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmak da dahil olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 etkinlik i\u00e7in veya bir DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda, trafik seli<\/span> yaratmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sald\u0131rganlar genellikle kaos yaratmak, belirli bir hizmeti hedef almak ya da bir t\u00fcr gasp t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak, \u00f6deme alma amac\u0131yla DDoS ataklar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

DDoS Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"DDoS<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, bir a\u011fda birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan birden \u00e7ok cihaz\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bankalardan, elektrik santrallerine kadar insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ihtiya\u00e7lar i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fu kurum ve \u015firketler itibars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma ve kaos amac\u0131yla hedeflenir. Sistem kesintileri s\u0131ras\u0131nda h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k, gasp, kimlik av\u0131 ve fidye yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 gibi ek sald\u0131r\u0131lar ba\u015flat\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, internete ba\u011fl\u0131 cihaz a\u011flar\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Bu a\u011flar, her birine bot (zombi) denen k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bir sald\u0131rgan taraf\u0131ndan uzaktan kontrol edilen cihazlardan olu\u015fur. Sald\u0131rganlar, botnet olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndan yararlanarak, cihaz sahiplerinin bilgisi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n cihazlara k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131m enjekte ederler. Bir botnet’te (botlardan olu\u015fan a\u011f) uzaktan kontrol edilen binlerce veya milyonlarca cihaz olabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir botnet kurulduktan sonra art\u0131k sald\u0131rgan her bir bota uzaktan talimat g\u00f6ndererek sald\u0131r\u0131ya y\u00f6nlendirebilir. Bir sunucu veya a\u011f botnet taraf\u0131ndan hedeflendi\u011finde, her bot hedefin IP adresine istekler g\u00f6nderir ve potansiyel olarak sunucunun veya a\u011f\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmesine neden olur. B\u00f6ylece sunucu veya a\u011f normal trafi\u011fe hizmet edemez hale gelir. Yukar\u0131da da belirtti\u011fimiz gibi hizmet reddi ad\u0131 buradan gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sald\u0131rgan, hedef taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemlere yan\u0131t olarak bir veya daha fazla farkl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 vekt\u00f6r\u00fc veya d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel sald\u0131r\u0131 vekt\u00f6r\u00fc kullanabilir. \u00c7ok vekt\u00f6rl\u00fc DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 bir hedefi farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde bo\u011fmak i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok sald\u0131r\u0131 yolu kullan\u0131r ve potansiyel olarak herhangi bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngedeki hafifletme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 zorlar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

DDoS Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Belirtileri Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"DDoS
Akl\u0131n\u0131za gelen her t\u00fcr \u00e7evirimi\u00e7i hizmetin g\u00fcnler boyunca \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131na haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunabilir mi?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Bir DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en bilinen belirtisi, bir sitenin veya hizmetin aniden yava\u015flamas\u0131 ya da kullan\u0131lamaz hale gelmesidir. Neredeyse t\u00fcm DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, bir hedef cihaz\u0131, a\u011f\u0131 trafi\u011fe bo\u011fmay\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Genelde ama\u00e7 sunucuyu kapasitesinin \u00f6tesinde, b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda trafikle doldurmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her bot me\u015fru bir internet cihaz\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, sald\u0131r\u0131 trafi\u011fini normal trafikten ay\u0131rmak zor olabilir. Bu nedenle DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in sitenizin normalde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 trafi\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir. Elbette ki b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda yasal trafik de sunucular\u0131 bunaltarak hizmetin yava\u015flamas\u0131na neden olabilir ve ziyaret\u00e7ileri, potansiyel m\u00fc\u015fterileri uzakla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Peki yasal web trafi\u011fi ile DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu trafik nas\u0131l ay\u0131rt edilebilir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan trafik analizi ara\u00e7lar\u0131, bir DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na ait a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00f6stergelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Tek bir IP adresinden veya IP aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklanan \u015f\u00fcpheli trafik miktarlar\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Cihaz t\u00fcr\u00fc, co\u011frafi konum veya web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc gibi tek bir davran\u0131\u015f profilini payla\u015fan kullan\u0131c\u0131lardan gelen trafik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Tek bir sayfaya veya u\u00e7 noktaya yap\u0131lan isteklerde a\u00e7\u0131klanamayan art\u0131\u015f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • G\u00fcn\u00fcn belirli saatlerinde ani art\u0131\u015flar veya do\u011fal g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen, her 10 dakikada bir ani art\u0131\u015f gibi garip trafik kal\u0131plar\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Genellikle, yasal trafi\u011fin neden oldu\u011fu kesinti \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrer ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yeni bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, oyunun y\u00fcksek talep g\u00f6rmesi gibi bir sebep s\u00f6z konusudur. Ancak bir DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda, trafikte belirli aral\u0131klarla ani art\u0131\u015flar, hizmetlerin aniden yava\u015flamas\u0131 veya g\u00fcnlerce \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur, sald\u0131r\u0131 zaten uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca kesintiye neden olacak \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ayr\u0131ca DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilen daha belirgin ba\u015fka i\u015faretleri de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    DDoS Sald\u0131r\u0131 T\u00fcrleri Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcrleri, bir a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 bile\u015fenlerini hedefler. Nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek gerekir. \u0130nternetteki bir a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131, bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bile\u015fenden veya “katmandan” olu\u015fur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Modeldeki her katman\u0131n farkl\u0131 bir amac\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin uygulama katman\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong> – Application layer attacks, bazen (OSI modelinin 7. katman\u0131na at\u0131fta bulunarak) 7. katman DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. Sald\u0131r\u0131lar, web sayfalar\u0131n\u0131n sunucuda olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu ve HTTP isteklerine yan\u0131t olarak teslim edildi\u011fi katman\u0131 hedefler. K\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli trafi\u011fi yasal trafikten ay\u0131rt etmek zor olabilece\u011finden, Katman 7 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunma zordur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    HTTP seli <\/strong>(HTTP Flood) denen DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 anda bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bilgisayardan “yenile” d\u00fc\u011fmesine bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da HTTP iste\u011fi sunucuyu doldurarak hizmet reddine neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Basit olanlar\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 aral\u0131kta sald\u0131ran IP adresleri ve y\u00f6nlendiriciler ile tek bir URL’ye eri\u015filebilir. Daha karma\u015f\u0131k versiyonlarda, \u00e7ok say\u0131da sald\u0131ran IP adresi kullanabilir ve rastgele y\u00f6nlendiriciler kullanarak rastgele URL’ler hedeflenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Protokol sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 <\/strong>(Protocol attacks \/ state-exhaustion attacks) sunucu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 veya g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131 ve y\u00fck dengeleyiciler gibi a\u011f<\/strong> ekipman\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcketerek hizmet kesintisine neden olur. Protokol sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, hedefi eri\u015filemez k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in protokol y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n 3. ve 4. katman\u0131ndaki zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 kullan\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    A\u011f altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan DDoS ataklar\u0131; yava\u015f ping’ler, hatal\u0131 bi\u00e7imlendirilmi\u015f ping’ler ve k\u0131smi paketler g\u00f6ndererek ba\u011flant\u0131 isteklerini do\u011frulamaktan sorumlu a\u011f alanlar\u0131na sald\u0131rabilirler. Web uygulamas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvarlar\u0131ndan (WAF) ge\u00e7ebilirler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    A\u011f katman\u0131n\u0131n veya protokol sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ciddiyeti, eylemden ziyade g\u00f6nderilen bilgi paketlerinin say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, saniyedeki paketlerle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir t\u00fcr\u00fc de SYN seli (Syn Flood)<\/strong> olarak bilinir. Sald\u0131rgan, ilk ba\u011flant\u0131 iste\u011fi (SYN) paketlerini art arda g\u00f6nderip TCP el s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyerek cihaz\u0131n trafi\u011fe yan\u0131t veremez hale gelmesine neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hacimsel sald\u0131r\u0131lar<\/strong> (Volumetric attacks), mevcut t\u00fcm bant geni\u015fli\u011fini t\u00fcketerek t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veri, bir y\u00fckseltme bi\u00e7imi veya botnet’ten gelen istekler gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir trafik hedefe g\u00f6nderilir. Bu tip sald\u0131r\u0131lar, di\u011fer sald\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin aktifle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ezerek devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmay\u0131 da ama\u00e7layabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sunucudan sahte bir IP adresine (kurban\u0131n IP adresi) yan\u0131t verilmesini i\u00e7eren DNS Amplifikasyonu sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 (NTP Amplification Attack\/ DNS Amplification<\/strong>) da bir t\u00fcr DDooS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    DDoS Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 Alt\u0131nda Ne Yap\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Sald\u0131r\u0131 ne kadar karma\u015f\u0131k olursa, sald\u0131r\u0131 trafi\u011finin normal trafikten ay\u0131rt edilmesi o kadar zor olur. Sald\u0131rgan\u0131n amac\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 engelleme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca verimsiz hale getirmektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda, sorunlar\u0131n ne zaman ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve ne kadar s\u00fcredir devam etti\u011fine dair bir zaman \u00e7izelgesi olu\u015fturmal\u0131 ve uygulamalar, hizmetler ve sunuculardan hangilerini etkilendi\u011fini belirlemelisiniz. DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmalar\u0131 muhtemel olsa da web hosting sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilgilendirmeniz de \u00f6nemlidir; \u00f6rne\u011fin IP’yi de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etkilerini azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ayr\u0131ca hizmet kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 neler oldu\u011fu konusunda Twitter ve Facebook gibi sosyal medya platformlar\u0131ndan bilgilendirmek de \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    DDoS Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan Korunma Y\u00f6ntemleri Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"DDoS
    Bir DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 potansiyel olarak \u00f6nlemenin t\u00fcm yollar\u0131 denense de sald\u0131rganlar\u0131n yine de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilece\u011fi unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r!<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda trafi\u011fi belirli bir hedefe y\u00f6nlendirmesiyle \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bir i\u015fletmenin t\u00fcm \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek bir noktadaysa, risk de b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu nedenle, sistemleri da\u011f\u0131tmak \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc imkans\u0131z olmasa da sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda farkl\u0131 hedeflere y\u00f6nlendirilmesi daha zordur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Web trafi\u011fini izlemek ve normal trafi\u011fin neye benzedi\u011fi ve anormal trafi\u011fin ne oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda do\u011fru bir fikre sahip olmak, DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan korunmaya veya bunlar\u0131 tespit etmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmada etkili olabilir. \u0130stek say\u0131s\u0131 belirli bir e\u015fi\u011fin \u00fczerindeyse uyar\u0131lar ayarlaman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir ancak yukar\u0131da da bahsetti\u011fimiz gibi bu her zaman k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli aktivite ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    DDoS ataklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in IP stresser kullanmak, bant geni\u015fli\u011finizi test etmenin etkili bir yolu olabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ayr\u0131ca, i\u015fletmelerin web trafi\u011findeki ani b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015fla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131na ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu hasar\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek, Cloudflare, Akamai, Radware gibi g\u00fcvenlik hizmetleri de tercih edilmektedir. Bunlar, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli trafi\u011fi kurban\u0131n a\u011f\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirerek a\u011f\u0131 DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndan korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0130lk odaklar\u0131, ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcksek trafik hacminden k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 ay\u0131rt ederek ger\u00e7ekte DDoS ata\u011f\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit edebilmektir. Sonra trafi\u011fin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun geldi\u011fi IP’nin itibar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye ge\u00e7erler, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli trafikle ili\u015fkili ortak kal\u0131plar\u0131 ararlar. Ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli oldu\u011fu bilinen bir yerden geliyorsa, DDoS koruma hizmeti, k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli trafi\u011fi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca emerek ve sapt\u0131rarak, y\u00f6netilebilir par\u00e7alara y\u00f6nlendirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Avrupa merkezli bir \u015firket, Amerika’daki bir DDoS koruma sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir, ancak bu sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa merkezli sunucular\u0131 veya merkezleri yoksa, yan\u0131t s\u00fcresinin gecikmesi, trafi\u011fi yeniden y\u00f6nlendirme konusunda sorun yaratabilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bir DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 potansiyel olarak \u00f6nlemenin t\u00fcm yollar\u0131 denense de zaman zaman sald\u0131rganlar\u0131n yine de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilece\u011fini ekleyerek en bilinen DDoS korunma y\u00f6ntemlerini listeleyelim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Blackhole routing: <\/strong>Bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm, bir kara delik rotas\u0131 olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ve trafi\u011fi bu rotaya y\u00f6nlendirmeyi kapsar. Belirli k\u0131s\u0131tlama kriterleri olmadan uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hem me\u015fru hem de k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli trafi\u011fi bo\u015f bir rotaya \/ karadeli\u011fe y\u00f6nlendirir ve a\u011fdan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin internet servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, bir sitenin t\u00fcm trafi\u011fini bir kara deli\u011fe g\u00f6nderebilir ama bu ideal bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm de\u011fildir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u011f\u0131 eri\u015filemez hale getirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Rate Limiting:<\/strong> Bir sunucunun belirli bir zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kabul edece\u011fi istek say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak, DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 azaltman\u0131n bir yoludur. Bu y\u00f6ntem, brute force sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ile oturum a\u00e7ma giri\u015fimlerini azaltmada yararl\u0131 olsa da karma\u015f\u0131k bir DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde ele almada tek ba\u015f\u0131na yetersiz olabilir. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Web uygulamas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (WAF):<\/strong> Katman 7 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek bir ara\u00e7 olan WAF, internet ve bir kaynak sunucu aras\u0131na g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 koyarak, hedeflenen sunucuyu belirli t\u00fcrdeki k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli trafikten koruyan bir ters proxy g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rebilir. Etkili bir WAF, sald\u0131r\u0131lara yan\u0131t olarak \u00f6zel kurallar\u0131 h\u0131zla uygulama becerisine sahiptir.

          <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Anycast network diffusion:<\/strong> Sald\u0131r\u0131 trafi\u011finin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sunucular a\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden emilmesini hedefler. Anycast a\u011f\u0131, sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n boyutuna ve a\u011f\u0131n verimlili\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar verebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          DDOS Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 Neden Tehlikeli?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tehlikeli olmas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedenlerinden biri, bir DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturmak ve ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in ciddi d\u00fczeyde karma\u015f\u0131k teknikler gerekmemesidir. Bir bilgisayar korsan\u0131n\u0131n hedef sunucuya herhangi bir kod y\u00fcklemesi gerekmez. Tek gereken, ayn\u0131 anda hedeflenen web sunucusuna milyonlarca ping g\u00f6nderecek \u015fekilde cihazlar\u0131 kontrol edebilmektir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Gelen trafik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunma yapmak zordur. Botnet’teki g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ihlal edilmi\u015f “zombi” cihazlara ait milyonlarca IP adresinden gelen istekleri engellemek i\u00e7in filtreler eklemek s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez bir savunma stratejisidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc, DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131ndaki potansiyel sald\u0131r\u0131 vekt\u00f6rleri her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artmaktad\u0131r. Her g\u00fcn t\u00fcketicilerin eline daha fazla cihaz ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e ve IoT pazar\u0131 daha fazla cihaz t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fledik\u00e7e, olas\u0131 DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunma yapmak daha da zor hale gelmektedir. Bu cihazlar, standart bir bilgisayar veya sunucuya k\u0131yasla geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fcvenlik yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na sahip olmayabilir, bu nedenle, botnet’in bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenliklerinin ihlal edilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z kalmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u00dcnl\u00fc DDoS Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          Baz\u0131 kaynaklar en eski internet servis sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan Panix’in, 1996<\/strong> y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kurban\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir. Ancak Temmuz 1999<\/strong>‘da Minnesota \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki bilgisayar a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iki g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olan Trin00<\/strong>, \u00e7o\u011fu kaynakta siber su\u00e7lular\u0131n kendilerine ait olmayan cihazlar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irip web trafi\u011fini belirli bir hedefin a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bozmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130lk DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi \u00e7ok basit ama etkileri \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck olan DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bu g\u00fcne dek bilinen en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerini \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • MafiaBoy \u2013 <\/strong>\u015eubat 2000<\/strong>‘de, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i MafiaBoy ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanan 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Kanadal\u0131 Michael Calce \u00e7ok say\u0131da bilgisayar\u0131 bir botnet’e ba\u011flayarak bir dizi \u00fcniversite a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f ve Yahoo!, eBay, Amazon, CNN, Dell, Fifa gibi baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck web sitelerini \u00e7\u00f6kerten DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Calce, tutuklanm\u0131\u015f ve para cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Estonya <\/strong>\u2013 Nisan 2007<\/strong>‘de Estonya, \u00fclkedeki t\u00fcm \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i hizmetlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra parlamento, bankalar, bakanl\u0131klar ve medyay\u0131 hedef alan bir dizi DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Estonya DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, Rusya ile siyasi bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya yan\u0131t olarak geldi\u011fi ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 siber sava\u015f\u0131n ilk ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rneklerinden biri oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • Spamhaus<\/strong> \u2013 Mart 2013<\/strong>, spam e-postalar\u0131n %80’ini kald\u0131ran, sekt\u00f6r lideri bir web g\u00fcvenlik \u015firketi Spamhaus’a y\u00f6nelik o zamana kadarki en b\u00fcy\u00fck DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi tarih olarak bilinir. Neredeyse iki hafta s\u00fcren ve saniyede 300 gigabit trafik g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi tahmin edilen sald\u0131r\u0131da, \u0130ngiltere genelinde a\u011f kesintileri ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • Mirai \/ Dyn <\/strong>\u2013 Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i hizmeti Ekim 2016<\/strong>‘da \u00e7\u00f6kerten Mirai botnet; haber siteleri, Spotify, Reddit, Twitter, PlayStation Network gibi bir\u00e7ok dijital hizmetin yava\u015flamas\u0131na ya da tamamen eri\u015filemez hale gelmesine neden olmu\u015ftur. Kameralar, y\u00f6nlendiriciler, ak\u0131ll\u0131 TV’ler ve yaz\u0131c\u0131lar dahil milyonlarca IoT cihaz\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn ele ge\u00e7irilmesinin s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu sald\u0131r\u0131dan kaynaklanan kesintiler bir g\u00fcn kadar s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sald\u0131r\u0131; Netflix, PayPal, Visa, Amazon ve The New York Times dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketin a\u011f altyap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olan b\u00fcy\u00fck DNS sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Dyn’i hedef alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
                  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • Google Amplification<\/strong> – 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kamuya a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015f olan sald\u0131r\u0131, 2017<\/strong>‘de Google’\u0131n binlerce IP’sini \u00e7e\u015fitli tekniklerle hedef alm\u0131\u015f ve yakla\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131 ay s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sald\u0131r\u0131, bir y\u0131l \u00f6nceki Mirai botnet’in rekor k\u0131ran 623 Gbps’lik sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00f6rt kat daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc.
                    <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • GitHub<\/strong> – Milyonlarca geli\u015ftirici taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan pop\u00fcler bir \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i kod y\u00f6netimi hizmeti olan GitHub \u015eubat 2018<\/strong>‘de, botnetleri i\u00e7ermeyen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hacimsel sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n hedefi oldu. Sald\u0131rganlar\u0131n, Memcached<\/strong> olarak bilinen veritaban\u0131 \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alma sisteminden gelen bir komuttaki g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131, DDoS kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 sistemler sayesinde 10 dakika i\u00e7inde tespit edilebilmi\u015f ve 20 dakika i\u00e7inde hafifletilmi\u015ftir.
                      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • Amazon Web Servisleri (AWS)<\/strong> – GitHub sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n rekorunu k\u0131ran bu DDoS ata\u011f\u0131, \u015eubat 2020<\/strong>‘de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen devasa bir DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Sald\u0131rganlar, Connectionless Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (CLDAP) Reflection<\/strong>, adl\u0131 bir teknik kullanarak bir AWS m\u00fc\u015fterisini hedef alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu teknik savunmas\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf CLDAP sunucular\u0131na dayan\u0131r ve kurban\u0131n IP adresine g\u00f6nderilen veri miktar\u0131n\u0131 56 ila 70 kat art\u0131r\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu sald\u0131r\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve saniyede 2,3 terabayt gibi \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir h\u0131zla zirveye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n, AWS m\u00fc\u015fterilerinin potansiyel gelir kayb\u0131 ve marka de\u011ferlerinin zarara u\u011framas\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli etkileri olmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        Siber sald\u0131r\u0131 riskini en aza indirmeye y\u00f6nelik ad\u0131mlar atmak istiyorsan\u0131z, korunma y\u00f6ntemleri i\u00e7eren g\u00fcncel siber g\u00fcvenlik yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 okuman\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6neririz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        Acronis Nedir?<\/a><\/td>Brute Force (Kaba Kuvvet Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131) Nedir?<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
                        Ransomware Nedir?<\/a><\/td>Botnet Nedir? Botnet Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
                        Veri Kayb\u0131 Nedir?<\/a><\/td>Ortadaki Adam (MitM) Sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 Nedir?<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
                        Whitelist Nedir?<\/a><\/td>SQL Injection Nedir?<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
                        Firewall Nedir?<\/a><\/td>En \u0130yi Antivir\u00fcs Programlar\u0131<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
                        VPN Nedir? Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/a><\/td>Trojan Nedir? Trojan Vir\u00fcs\u00fc Nas\u0131l Temizlenir?<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
                        APT Nedir?<\/a><\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                        \u00d6zet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                        Genellikle uzaktan kontrol edilen bir botnet’in par\u00e7as\u0131 olan ve me\u015fru cihazlardan gelen trafi\u011fi i\u00e7erdi\u011finden tespiti zor olan DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n en basit belirtisi, bir sitenin veya hizmetin aniden ve beklenmedik bir \u015fekilde yava\u015flamas\u0131 veya tamamen kullan\u0131lamaz hale gelmesidir. Bu nedenle bir DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamada en bilinen y\u00f6ntem a\u011f trafi\u011fini izlemek ve analiz etmektir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        Kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemlerin basitli\u011fine ra\u011fmen DDoS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131; sunucu kesintileri, hizmetlerin duraksamas\u0131 gibi sorunlara yol a\u00e7ar. Bu nedenle DDoS Nedir? sorusu, siber g\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u00f6nemseyen t\u00fcm i\u015fletmelerin, yan\u0131tlar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 gereken kritik bir sorudur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Akl\u0131n\u0131za gelen her t\u00fcr \u00e7evirimi\u00e7i hizmetin g\u00fcnler boyunca \u00e7evrimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131na haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunabilir mi?\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":47206,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"20720,43938,44596,46480,60203,22687","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[656,654,657,655,138],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-42311","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-alpha-ssl","8":"category-comodo-ssl","9":"category-ev-ssl","10":"category-globalsign-ssl","11":"category-ipuclari"},"yoast_head":"\nDDoS Nedir? 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