{"id":61897,"date":"2022-08-12T17:43:39","date_gmt":"2022-08-12T14:43:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.turhost.com/blog\/?p=61897"},"modified":"2022-08-12T18:24:11","modified_gmt":"2022-08-12T15:24:11","slug":"brotli-nedir-brotli-ne-ise-yarar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.turhost.com/blog\/brotli-nedir-brotli-ne-ise-yarar\/","title":{"rendered":"Brotli Nedir? Brotli Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bug\u00fcn Brotli Nedir? Brotli Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar? sorusuyla sunucudan taray\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00f6nderilen HTML, JavaScript ve CSS gibi i\u00e7erikleri s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir site h\u0131zland\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6z at\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brotli S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclen Brotli s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 (Brotli Compression), Google taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen ve Gzip alternatifi olarak kullan\u0131lan bir kay\u0131ps\u0131z veri s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma algoritmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk d\u00f6nemlerinde yeterince taray\u0131c\u0131 deste\u011fi olmayan Brotli, bug\u00fcn t\u00fcm web sitelerinin %37’si taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (w3techs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130svi\u00e7re Almancas\u0131nda ‘k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ekmek’ anlam\u0131na gelen Brotli’nin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 mant\u0131k \u015fudur: Hem web sunucusu hem de ileti\u015fim kurdu\u011fu taray\u0131c\u0131 ortak bir s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma algoritmas\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kablo \u00fczerinden g\u00f6nderilen veriler s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilmektedir. Web sitesini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak isteyenlerin sevdi\u011fi \u00fccretsiz y\u00f6ntemlerden biri olan s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinde; verilerin boyutlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket ederler. B\u00f6ylece web siteniz taray\u0131c\u0131ya daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brotli Nas\u0131l Tasarland\u0131?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jyrki Alakuijala ve Zolt\u00e1n Szabadka isimli iki Google \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan WOFF web yaz\u0131 tipi aktar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n boyutunu azaltmak amac\u0131yla 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015ftirilen Brotli, asl\u0131nda Zopfli’nin devam\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak bu yeni format, Zopfli’ye g\u00f6re %20\u201326 daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma oranlar\u0131 elde edilmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0131pk\u0131 Zopfli gibi ad\u0131n\u0131 \u0130svi\u00e7re unlu mamullerden alan yeni algoritma daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f boyut, daha iyi alan kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 sayfa y\u00fcklemeleri sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Google, HTTP i\u00e7in Brotli spesifikasyonunu yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sonras\u0131nda, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, “Content-Encoding: br” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6ndererek Brotli s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7abilece\u011fini sunucuya nas\u0131l bildirece\u011fini belirtmesi gibi i\u015flevlerine ek olarak, Google m\u00fchendisleri Brotli’de web i\u00e7eri\u011fini s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 daha da h\u0131zland\u0131ran ba\u015fka iyile\u015ftirmeler de yapt\u0131. Dilerseniz Brotli repo geli\u015fimini Github’da kontrol edebilirsiniz > Brotli repo evolution<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brotli 2015’te Google Open Source<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan duyuruldu\u011funda, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f boyut, mobil kullan\u0131c\u0131lara daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck veri aktar\u0131m \u00fccretleri ve azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f pil kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi ek avantajlar sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z ediliyordu, bu format\u0131n yak\u0131n gelecekte b\u00fcy\u00fck taray\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan desteklenece\u011fi de \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Brotli’nin \u015fu anki taray\u0131c\u0131 uyumlulu\u011fu %95,8’dir. Chrome 5.0 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnden itibaren, Microsoft Edge 18’den itibaren, Firefox 68. s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnden itibaren, Safari 12. s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnden itibaren ve iOS Safari 12.1 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnden itibaren Brotli’yi desteklemektedir. Microsoft Internet Explorer’\u0131n hi\u00e7bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc Brotli’yi desteklememektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brotli S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma Tekni\u011finin Faydalar\u0131 Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bir web sunucusunda Brotli’nin etkinle\u015ftirilmesi, verilerin sunulmadan \u00f6nce s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan istek boyutunu ve gecikmeyi azaltmaya yarar. Brotli s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ile %14 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck JavaScript dosyalar\u0131, %21 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck HTML dosyalar\u0131 ve %17 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck CSS dosyalar\u0131 elde etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn h\u0131zl\u0131 web i\u00e7eri\u011fi sunmak i\u00e7in standart s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma algoritmas\u0131 haline gelmi\u015f olan Brotli hem sunucudaki i\u00e7eri\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmada hem de taray\u0131c\u0131da s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 a\u00e7mada Gzip’ten daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 durumlarda \u00f6n u\u00e7 dekompresyonu Gzip’ten %64’e kadar daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sayfa h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan Gzip’e alternatif olarak geli\u015ftirilen Brotli, statik dosyalara ek olarak veri ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda da olduk\u00e7a iyi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brotli Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n
\n
\"Brotli
Yap\u0131lan testler Brotli’nin, Gzip’ten daha iyi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma oranlar\u0131 sundu\u011funu g\u00f6stermekte ve Brotli’ye mevcut en iyi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma algoritmas\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131za bir URL yazarsan\u0131z, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z sunucuyla girdi\u011fi ileti\u015fimde sunucuya i\u00e7erik s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7amayaca\u011f\u0131 e\u011fer a\u00e7acaksa, hangi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131 anlayabildi\u011fini soracakt\u0131r. E\u011fer s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 aktifle\u015ftirdiyseniz ve sunucunuz taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma algoritmalar\u0131ndan birini biliyorsa, t\u00fcm verileri s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak taray\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00f6nderecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir dosya, orijinal web dosyas\u0131na k\u0131yasla dosya boyutu (bayt) olarak \u00e7ok daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fundan, web sitesinin tam olarak y\u00fcklenmesi i\u00e7in daha az zamana ihtiyac\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gzip ile Brotli\u2019yi Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Brotli ve Gzip, bir uygulaman\u0131n toplam paket boyutunu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirebilen ve b\u00f6ylece performans\u0131 art\u0131ran s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma algoritmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hemen hemen t\u00fcm web sunucular\u0131n\u0131n ve i\u00e7erik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n (CDN) destekledi\u011fi Gzip, LZ77 algoritmas\u0131na ve Huffman kodlamas\u0131na dayanan a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma tekni\u011fidir. Linux ve Unix i\u015fletim sistemlerinde varsay\u0131lan olarak mevcuttur, \u00e7ok ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bir ba\u015fka s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma algoritmas\u0131 olan DEFLATE’e dayanmaktad\u0131r. Pop\u00fclaritesi ve dosyalar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmede \u00e7ok iyi olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde farkl\u0131 i\u015fletim sistemleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan web sunucular\u0131 i\u00e7in hala yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Jean-loup Gailly ve Mark Adler taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk beta s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc web’in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1992’de, ilk ger\u00e7ek s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc olan 1.0 ise 1993’\u00fcn ba\u015flar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brotli’nin Gzip alternatifi olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni JavaScript, HTML ve CSS gibi verilerde %15-20 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma oranlar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilindi\u011fi gibi web sayfan\u0131z\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olan her bir dosya, sunucunun taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi farkl\u0131 bir ak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir taray\u0131c\u0131da bir web sayfas\u0131 talep edildi\u011finde, sunucu birden \u00e7ok veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6ndermeye ba\u015flar. Google, Brotli’yi tasarlarken ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 daha verimli bir \u015fekilde s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n gereklili\u011fini anlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu da Brotli’nin, Gzip’e g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli bir avantaj\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131; Brotli’nin en ba\u015f\u0131ndan, ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tasarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Gzip ise ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta dosyalar\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ve web \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya uyarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gzip gibi Brotli de LZ77 algoritmas\u0131na ve Huffman Coding’e dayanmakta, ama Gzip’ten daha iyi olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan context modeling ve statik s\u00f6zl\u00fck gibi \u00f6zelliklere sahip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gzip,1’den 9’a kadar s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma d\u00fczeylerini desteklerken, Brotli daha da fazlas\u0131n\u0131 desteklemekte: 0’dan 11’e. Ancak, en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyler say\u0131lan 10 ve 11, web i\u00e7eri\u011finin teslimi i\u00e7in yava\u015f kalabilir. Bu nedenle, d\u00fczey 4 ila 7 aras\u0131nda ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, genellikle s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve h\u0131z aras\u0131ndaki denge en iyi \u015fekilde sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7o\u011fu durumda Brotli, dosyalar\u0131 Gzip’ten daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir boyuta s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir, bu nedenle genellikle Gzip’e k\u0131yasla daha iyi bir s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brotli Nas\u0131l Kurulur?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Brotli’yi etkinle\u015ftirme ad\u0131mlar\u0131 sitenizin nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015febilmektedir. Genellikle bir\u00e7ok hosting sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, CDN ve ters proxy sunucusu, varsay\u0131lan olarak s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile sunucunuzu kolayl\u0131kla yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brotli’yi kullanmak i\u00e7in sunucunuzun HTTPS’yi desteklemesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n